Demo Veterinary and Wildlife Research

Background: Heat load is a growing constraint on dairy cattle health, welfare and productivity.

Approach: This narrative review integrates established physiological and welfare literature with practical mitigation principles.

Key findings: Heat stress alters thermoregulation, feeding behaviour, endocrine function and rumen performance. Respiration rate, panting, body temperature, shade use and production records should be interpreted together. Shade, ventilation, effective evaporative cooling, reliable drinking water and ration management form a layered response.

Conclusion: Heat-abatement plans should be triggered early, monitored with animal-based indicators and adapted to local humidity, housing and herd risk.

Context: Dogs, cats and people share homes, microbiota, healthcare environments and antimicrobial exposures.

Evidence: Resistant organisms and resistance determinants can move in both directions, although detection of a shared strain does not by itself establish direction or frequency of transmission.

Practice implications: Culture-guided treatment, diagnostic stewardship, infection prevention, audit and communication across veterinary and human health are complementary.

Conclusion: Companion-animal antimicrobial stewardship is most effective when embedded in a One Health surveillance and infection-control system.

Objective: To connect enrichment design with measurable rabbit welfare outcomes.

Synthesis: Rabbits are social, exploratory and highly motivated to forage, hide and adopt upright postures. Effective programmes provide usable space, social opportunity, refuges, manipulable fibre and choice.

Assessment: Resource provision alone is insufficient; behaviour, physical health, human–animal interaction and use of resources must be monitored.

Conclusion: Enrichment should be treated as a testable refinement programme with predefined outcomes, not as a static object list.

Importance: Gastric dilatation–volvulus (GDV) is a rapidly progressive, life-threatening emergency.

Recognition: Non-productive retching, abdominal distension, restlessness, hypersalivation and circulatory compromise in a predisposed dog warrant immediate assessment.

Management: Resuscitation and gastric decompression proceed in parallel, followed by surgery to assess viability, correct the volvulus and perform gastropexy.

Prevention: Breed and family history inform risk conversations; prophylactic gastropexy can reduce volvulus risk in selected dogs but does not prevent simple gastric dilatation.